Gravity Mapping and Seismic Imaging of Paleochannels on Large Tunnel Routes in Sydney, Australia

By Robert J. Whiteley

Governments and municipal authorities, faced with the problems of providing infrastructure within and between densely populated megacities, are increasingly recognizing the importance of tunnels for installation of underground transport corridors, sewerage systems and utilities. Many tunnels are now completed with advanced mechanical tunnel boring machines (TBMs) that are displacing the older drill and blast methods.